Greece has introduced the first comprehensive regulatory framework specifically designed to govern how artificial intelligence tools can be used in secondary schools, setting clear boundaries that prioritize human teaching over automated systems. The new Ministerial Decision, announced in May 2026 and developed jointly by Greece's Ministry of Education and Ministry of Digital Governance, applies to all public secondary schools and covers both in-person and distance learning environments. The framework aligns with European legislation, including the EU AI Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), marking a significant step in translating broad AI governance principles into practical school-level rules.

What Makes Greece's School AI Framework Different from Other Regulations?

While many countries have discussed AI governance in education, Greece's approach stands out because it moves beyond general principles to establish specific operational rules. The framework explicitly states that AI systems should support, rather than replace, teaching and learning, and that students must remain active creators of knowledge rather than passive recipients of AI-generated content. Teachers are assigned direct responsibility for supervising AI tool use, and the rules completely prohibit fully automated assessment of students or teachers.

The initiative also introduces a new role that didn't exist before: an "AI use coordinator" in each school. This designated teacher oversees proper implementation of AI tools and serves as a contact point for safety and data protection issues. This structural innovation recognizes that effective AI governance requires dedicated human oversight, not just written policies.

How Schools Can Implement Safe AI Practices

• Establish Clear Boundaries: Schools must prohibit harmful or unethical AI uses, including deepfake content created without consent, fabricated references or sources, and profiling of students or teachers based on algorithmic analysis.
• Designate an AI Coordinator: Each school appoints a teacher to oversee AI implementation, act as a safety contact point, and ensure compliance with data protection requirements and cybersecurity standards.
• Provide Teacher Training: Schools are required to organize awareness-raising activities and training on AI-related topics, including generative AI, algorithmic bias, GDPR compliance, and responsible AI use practices.
• Maintain Transparency: Schools must emphasize transparency in how AI systems are used, ensure cybersecurity protections, and safeguard personal data of both students and teachers throughout the educational process.

The framework also makes clear that AI application use is entirely optional and will not be linked to student assessment or teacher evaluation. This removes pressure on educators to adopt AI tools simply to meet performance metrics, allowing schools to integrate AI only when it genuinely serves educational goals.

Why Is Greece Moving Faster Than Other EU Countries on School AI Rules?

Greece's decision to establish these rules reflects a broader European conversation about AI's role in education. The Greek Minister of Education presented this framework at the EU Education Ministers Council in Brussels, where it was linked to European priorities on basic skills, critical thinking, creativity, equal access to knowledge, and the future of the European Education Area. By acting first, Greece is positioning itself as a leader in translating EU-level AI governance into sector-specific rules that other member states may eventually adopt.

The timing also reflects growing recognition that AI tools are already entering classrooms faster than policy can keep up. Rather than waiting for perfect EU-wide harmonization, Greece chose to establish clear guardrails now. The framework's emphasis on preventing misinformation, algorithmic bias, harmful content, and abusive AI use acknowledges real risks that educators face today, not theoretical concerns for the future.

What Does This Mean for Students and Teachers?

For students, the framework means they can benefit from AI tools that enhance learning without being subjected to fully automated grading systems or algorithmic profiling. Teachers gain clarity about what they can and cannot do with AI, along with institutional support through training and a designated coordinator. The rules protect minors by preventing deepfakes and non-consensual content while still allowing AI to support legitimate educational activities.

The initiative forms part of Greece's broader strategy for a modern, safe, and inclusive digital transformation of education. By establishing these rules now, Greece is ensuring that AI adoption in schools happens thoughtfully, with human oversight and ethical safeguards built in from the start, rather than retrofitting rules after problems emerge.